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Wavelet-Based Reconstruction for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

M. Guerquin-Kern

École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Thesis no. 5361 (2012), 137 p., July 6, 2012.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners produce raw measurements that are unfit to direct interpretation, unless an algorithmic step, called reconstruction, is introduced. Up to the last decade, this reconstruction was performed by algorithms of moderate complexity. This worked because substantial efforts were devoted to adjust the MRI hardware to suit the algorithmic component. More recently, new techniques have reversed this trend by putting more emphasis on the algorithms and alleviating the constraints on the hardware. Whereas many new methods suffer from a marked increase in computational complexity, this thesis focuses on the development of reconstruction algorithms that are faster and simpler than state-of-the-art solutions, while preserving their quality.

First, we present the physical principles that underlie the acquisition of MRI data and motivate the classical linear model. Based on this continuous equation, we derive efficient implementations of a discrete model. Standard and state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms are reviewed and presented in a general framework where reconstruction is regarded as an optimization problem that can naturally integrate regularization.

Next, we propose novel simulation tools for the validation of reconstruction methods. Those tools model the sensitivity of the receiving coil, which allows for the simulation of parallel MRI experiments. To honor the continuous nature of the underlying physics, we suggest the use of analytical phantoms. Unlike rasterized simulations, our phantoms do not introduce aliasing artifacts. Instead, they allow us to study how rasterization itself impacts the quality of reconstruction. To achieve this goal, we were able to work out closed-form solutions for the Fourier transform of parametric regions that can realistically reproduce anatomical features. Our results show that the inverse-crime situation impairs significantly the assessment of the performance of reconstruction methods, particularly, the nonlinear ones.

Finally, we investigate the design of algorithms that achieve reconstruction with a sparsity constraint expressed in a wavelet domain. Based on the latest developments in large-scale convex optimization, we derive an acceleration strategy that can be tailored to the MRI setup and provide theoretical evidence of its benefit. We develop it into a practical method that combines the advantages of speed and quality. Applied on challenging reconstruction problems, with simulated and in-vivo data, we significantly reduce the reconstruction time over state-of-the-art techniques without compromising quality.

@PHDTHESIS(http://bigwww.epfl.ch/publications/guerquinkern1202.html,
AUTHOR="Guerquin-Kern, M.",
TITLE="Wavelet-Based Reconstruction for Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
SCHOOL="{\'{E}}cole polytechnique f{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}rale de {L}ausanne
	({EPFL})",
YEAR="2012",
type="{EPFL} Thesis no.\ 5361 (2012), 137 p.",
address="",
month="July 6,",
note="")
© 2012 M. Guerquin-Kern. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from M. Guerquin-Kern. This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.
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